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Architects, engineers and manufacturers were linked together in a constantly updated common flow of information.ĭecisions about drainage, cladding and the structural joints were taken together between designers and manufacturers. It was developed in a bottom-up interactive process, where all different team members agreed on a negotiated co-decision process through which they could enrich the procedure with their expertise. It was not designed in a conventional top-down design process, where the architect determines design and passes it on to engineers and fabricators for further processing. Since the conceptual phase, the design was optimized for structural performance and fabrication. The non-standard canopy designed by a3lab for the Westend Gate Tower in Frankfurt upon Main (pictured below) is another good example of how the use of digital fabrication can transform architectural detailing. Image © Wikimedia user Alicia Fagerving licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Save this picture! Aviva Stadium façade detail. This allowed the offsite fabrication of all structural elements. The mullion and structural subcontractors also extracted drawings directly from the fabrication model for numbering, sequencing and bar-coding parts, and for defining the position and rotation of drill points. The production information for the cladding system was extracted from a fully detailed fabrication model by the subcontractor, and all the parts could be manufactured in the factory and assembled on site with precision. The subcontractors chose to use the parametric architectural geometry issued by Populous as the basis for their detailed model of the facade system, thus eliminating any possible discrepancies between desired and as-built geometry. During the design process, the contractors' suggestions and requirements, based on fabrication constraints, were incorporated in this model, which was later used as a basis for the fabrication of parts: In the design process of the Aviva Stadium in Dublin (pictured below), for example, the geometric principles of the structural elements and of the façade parts were present in the parametric model from the very beginning. The new “digital master builder” counts on file-to-factory processes, in which the morphology of construction details is directly related to the knowledge of the available production processes. This new interest is related to the recent re-involvement of the architect with the physical making of buildings, as a result of the use of digital technologies. Contemporary architecture shows a new interest in detailing, which should not be confused with a return to the appreciation of artisanal work. They can define its theoretical expression and technical character, and impact its production process, its assembly method and even its ecological footprint. With parametric and algorithmic design methods and the use of digital fabrication, new abilities are required from architects for the design of details, at the same time as new players are beginning to take part in their development.Īlthough not always given the necessary attention, architectural details are of extreme importance for many aspects of a building. The recent availability of automated design and production techniques is changing the development of building details.
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Sustainability and Performance in Architecture The Future of Architectural Visualization